1. Thousands of people have died in the insurgency since 2009.

2. The scale of bloodshed peaked in Iraq at the height of the insurgency in 2006-7.

3. The EU, saying Russia supports the insurgency, agreed to its first sanctions in March 2014.

4. Mr Maliki faces calls to step down amid a jihadist insurgency in the north.

5. Chechnya has been plagued by an Islamic insurgency that has carried out deadly bombings.

6. Fallujah has been home to a brutal insurgency since the Iraq war.

7. Still, the insurgency has shown little sign of calming.

8. The referendum result overturned a timetable intended to end the FARC insurgency within months.